Analysis Of Pam Jenkins, Steve Kroll Smith, And Vern Baxter

In Left to Chance the authors: Pam Jenkins, Steve Kroll-Smith, and Vern Baxter attempt to fill a book with details from the events leading up to and the aftermath of hurricane Katrina without explicitly talking about race. This is a new take on writing about hurricane Katrina because most books and articles out there use race as a backbone in describing how devastating the storm was. This decision was beneficial to the overall message of the book because even though the authors never brought up race, the people who were interviewed brought it up on their own volition, which consequently brought the issue of race along for the ride in the entirety of the book without the authors never having to explicitly say, â€Å"because they were black.† This perceived notion that race was a huge piece in the puzzle that was the newly decimated New Orleans, shows that even though there is a book that existed in all intents and purposes to NOT focus on race, race was obviously a very prevale nt reason in why African Americans suffered the worse in the storm. Furthermore, the authors made an intelligent choice in deciding to choose two economically different black neighborhoods to focus their book on instead of writing about two poor, black neighborhoods, two white neighborhoods, or one white and one black neighborhood. The reason for this is because the two economically different black neighborhoods prove that it wasn’t just a monetary reason for why African Americans were so devastated by the

Modernism Defined in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J....

Modernism is by no means easy to define. In fact, no one is exactly sure if the movement has even ended yet. But that’s befitting of the period, as well as the pieces of literature that serve to define Modernism. Two pieces, T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead†, are epitomes of this modernism. In both, the main characters are paralyzed by an inability to communicate, even while speaking. Whether through Prufrock’s musings concerning love life, or Gabriel’s inability to evoke certain feelings out of his wife, both men experience this effeminization of the intellect and communication. But where does this communicative castration begin? Most likely, in the bustling metropolises and dehumanizing†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the identity-less J. Alfred Prufrock and Gabriel Conroy, through various literary techniques, are shown to be in a perpetual decadence, as are their surro undings. In this vein, I will exemplify in T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"J. Alfred Prufrock† and James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead† how, firstly, the main character’s stories are similar in metaphorical movements represented by their physical environments, secondly, how these characters differ from antithetic Romantic characters, and lastly, how both men’s relationships are affected by their decadence of identity. In both pieces, we see a downward movement in the narratives that are either represented by, or happen in, the physical world. In Eliot’s poem, the storyline begins â€Å"spread out against the sky†, followed by a yellow mist that â€Å"slides along the street† (ll. 2, 24). Soon after, the narrator says he should be â€Å"scuttling across the floors of the sea† and by the end of the poem he has done just that, saying â€Å"We have lingered in the chambers of the sea† (ll. 74, 130). The movement from the sky to t he bottom of the sea is crucial to the poem. One might interpret it as a decent into a hell of sorts, psychological or otherwise. Regardless of interpretation, we can feel the narrators increased torment and agony at falling into this chasm of nonidentity. There is also a

Organizational Culture and Innovation Behavior †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Culture and Innovation Behavior. Answer: Introduction This report analysis is based on various aspects of human resource management, which include strategies of human resource management, design of the organization, ethics and culture of the organization, organizational behaviour of the employees, performance management and motivation. Strategic human resource management is the mainly the process of rewarding, attracting and developing and ultimately trying to retain the employees for the advantage of the employees and the organization (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). Strategic human resource management program is designed by an organization to support the organizational goals and the goals of the employees. This program contributes in the success of the organization. It aims in utilizing the opportunities and the talent in the human resource department of the organization to add strength to the other departments so that they become more effective. This helps in developing the training and recruitment plans for the organization. This is the process of utilising the HR techniques to create a stronger organization (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). This analysis will be done based on the case and problems related to MiningCo. The effect of the introduction of performance management programs in the organization will be analyzed. Further, the issues of retaining employees in the isolated sites will be taken into consideration. A team to manage the crisis in the situations where there is a talent gap will be formed. The rewarding system of the team will be discussed (Azanza, Moriano Molero, 2013). The problems related to retention of the employees in the organization, the organizational culture and the design of the organization is discussed. The impact of external factors on the structure and employees of the organization is discussed in detail. The analysis of this report is aimed towards the board of MiningCo. and the recommendations and solutions to these problems is provided. MiningCo. is a company which mainly has its operations in locations which are isolated. The staffs of these locations attend work in a rotational basis. The first case is about the analysis of the impact that the implementation of a performance management system has on the motivation level of the staff working in these locations. Human resource managers in an organization perform the activities related to the development of the performance of the employees and motivating the employees. Performance is one of the initiatives taken by the human resource managers to track and improve the performance of the employees, which in turn improves the performance of the organization (Bratton Gold, 2012). Performance management program in an organization involves activities like, setting the goals, reviewing the progress of the employees with respect to these goals, communicating with the employees in a regular basis, giving feedback to the employees regarding the improvement in their performance, implementing programs for the development of employees and further rewarding the achievement of the employees. Performance management can be defined as the systematic way by which the thorough performance of the organization is improved with help of the improvement of the employees in the organization. It is the way by which superior performance is promoted with the help of communication of the goals to the employees and by defining the roles to be played by them in the achievement of these goals. Performance management system came into play from the 1980s. Performance management or total quality management programs is important for an organization so that superior standards can be achieved and quality of the performance of the employees can be improved (Bschgens, Bausch Balkin, 2013). There are a series of steps involved in the performance management system, mainly, Development of job descriptions which are clear for the employees and also developing performance plans which comprises of two main components which are, performance indicators and key result areas (KRA). The selection of the correct people with the implementation of suitable recruitment process. Working out the goals and the standards of performance so that the overall productivity and the outcome can be measured with respect to the set benchmarks. Recognizing the needs for training and development programs and also measuring the results achieved according to the standards that have been set and implementing programs required for the development of employees. Discussing the development of performance of the employees in a quarterly basis and further evaluating their performance in the basis of the performance plans set by the organization. Effective system of rewards and compensation designed to recognize the employees and motivate them. Support for career development and guidance provided to the employees. Trying to understand the reasons for displeasure of the employees towards the organization, so that the problems can be solved and the employees can be retained in the organization (DuBrin, 2013). It can be said that performance management system is the platform that is set to reward the excellence of the employees by mainly aligning the achievements of the employee with mission of the organization and its set objectives and further helping the employee and the organization to understand the importance of a particular job and also realizing its outcomes. The expectations of the performance of the employees including the actions, behaviours and results are depicted clearly to the employees with the help of this program (Goetsch Davis, 2014). It helps the employees in understanding the expectations the organization has from them and the jobs that need to be performed to fulfil these expectations. Performance management system is a proactive process by which the performance of the employees can be managed to drive the employees and the organization towards the desired goals and results (Haines St-Onge, 2012). This system needs to be implemented in the location of MiningCo. so that the staff can be educated about the goals and objectives of the organization. Further, their performance is tracked based on the achievement of these goals. As a Senior HR Executive of the company, I would like to recommend that a performance management program needs to be implemented in this location of MiningCo. I would like to develop a team, which will have the task of tracking the performance of the employees based on the targets that they have been provided which are aligned to the goals of the organization. Further, the team will also implement any development programs which is required for the employees to achieve the targets or goals. This program will help the employees in tracking their own performance and further achieve their goals which will contribute in the development of the organization. This case is based on the problem related to employee cross-over or rotation of staff in the isolated locations of MiningCo. which work as single entities. The sites, which are facing the mentioned problems, are those in Greece and in the Middle East. The financial crisis in Greece had started from the year 2009, which was the result of the financial crisis that had taken place globally in the year 2008. The source of this crisis was the mismanagement, which took place in the Greek economy and also the finances provided by the government. The problems increased because Greece was a member of the Eurozone, which did not permit total control of the monetary policy to the Greek government. The financial crisis in Greece was a result of an array of debt crises that took place from the year 2008 (Karanikolos et al., 2013). The monetary policy of Greece was not under control. The economy was booming and the credits or loans were easily accessible. The two main causes of the financial crisis that took place in Greece are, The government of Greece was eroded due to mismanagement of economies, including many fraud cases and public accountability was also absent. The membership of Greece in the Eurozone led to a barrier in the financial and political goals of the country. There was huge mismanagement of economies and the economic performance was not reported correctly (Kinicki Kreitner, 2012). Despite of this situation the investors could not judge the signs of warning, which were, Debt levels which were unsustainable. Extreme levels of public spending. Wages were high, and productivity was low due to which there was a decline in the competitiveness of the country. There was huge increase in credit levels. Tax was evaded in a huge scale. The interest rates of credit taking were low due which there was a lot foreign direct investment. The growth was limited only to the private sector, which was unsustainable. The fiscal deficits increased in the years 2008 to 2010. The interest rates on private and government debts increased. Despite of all this, the Greek government was unable to reduce the rate of interests or underrate its currency to encourage economic growth (Mansfield, 2013). The economic crisis in Greece had an effect on the employment of the country. The sector of paid employment was mainly affected by this crisis. From the year 2008 to 2009 there is a deficit in paid employment levels. The appointment of permanent employees has decreased in these years. Temporary or part time employment has increased (Marchington et al., 2016). This crisis period has led to the rise of unemployment levels in Greece. The unemployment levels have doubled in the recent years. The numbers of labours have also deteriorated. The reason being that the work was uninsured, there was a lot of insecurity, payments were less and many more (Trevino Nelson, 2016). The reason behind the low rate of staff rotation in the site of MiningCo. in Greece are as stated in the discussion. The other problem is the resignation of the senior executives from the site in the Middle East. The main reason behind this is the presence of ISIS in this area. ISIS has grown in the Middle East in the recent years and as a result of this, the violence in this area has increased. The areas of Iraq and Syria have become war zones. The reach of the jihadist terrorism has increased over the years (Gause, 2014). The rise of ISIS in the Middle East has been increased based on many factors which include the spread of discrimination, the regression faced by Syria and Iraq and the different interests of many international and regional powers in this area. The rise of ISIS began from the year 2011. The protests that were organized by this group were able to attract millions of people. The initial promises made by the group which attracted so many people in the protests was not fulfilled. All these factors led to a lot of chaos in the Middle Eastern countries. This had an adverse effect on the development of these countries and the industries related to these areas. Oil industry is the main part of the economy of Iraq (Smith, 2015). The economy is mainly state dominated. The labour market is mainly dominated by the public sector as compared to the private sector. The economy is mainly driven by the oil production in the country. The presence of ISIS can therefore have a negative impact on the industrial development of Iraq and the Middle East at large. As the HR Executive of this organization, I would therefore like to recommend an increase of security for the senior officials working in the sites in the Middle Eastern areas. In case of the sites in Greece, the labour problems can be solved by appointing more part time employees who are temporary rather than full time permanent employees. This process will be cost effective for the company and the work will also be done effectively by the employees with the help of proper training. The third case that is to be analyzed is the formation of a crisis management team who are capable to manage any type of talent gap in the site. A crisis refers to an unexpected or unforeseen event that leads to major chaos among the employees of an organization. When this situation occurs within an organization, it is called organizational crisis. This can also be referred to as an emergency which requires immediate action (Miner, 2015). This situation can affect the individual or a group of people or the organization at large. The reasons due to which a crisis can occur in an organization are as follows, Failure of technology or machine breakdown, software corruption, password errors. Crises can also occur when there is a dispute or disagreement among employees of the organization. This can lead to strikes or boycotts. The situations caused due to thefts, violence or terrorist activities are also a part of crisis. Minor issues that are neglected by the organization in the beginning, can result in a major crisis. Illegal activities of the employees which include frauds, bribery and tampering of information by the employees can lead to a crisis in the organization. Crisis also arises when an organization is declared bankrupt due to non-payment of dues (Nahavandi et al., 2013). Crisis management is the process of coping with the unforeseen events that disturbs the work process of the employees and of the organization. Crisis management helps the organization to prepare themselves and the employees to deal with the sudden events. This helps the employees to adjust themselves to the changes that occur in the organization (Nelson Quick, 2013). Employees are able to comprehend and examine the problems that have led to the crisis in the organization and deal with it as early as possible. Crisis management programs help the managers to plan the strategies so that they can come out of the crises and take proper action. Managers can also feel the signs of the problems that can occur in the organization which can lead to crisis (Pinder, 2014). There is a specific model for crisis management as proposed by Pratt and Gonzalez-Herrero. Three different stages of Crisis Management Model were identified (Pullen Rhodes, 2015). These are, The first step of crisis management involves the detection of the crisis indicators. The duty of the managers or leaders is to identify these signals of warning which leads to crisis and also train them in such a way that they can face these situations with determination and courage. Reviewing the performance of the employees is done in this step (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016) The next step in crisis management involves the process of planning. Action is taken by the crisis management team and strategies are devised to cope with the crisis. The final step in this process involves the adjustment process of the employees. The employees need to adjust to the new situation in the organization and adapt to the changes (Storey, 2014). This crisis management model is implemented in the organization by a crisis management team. A crisis management team is constituted to safeguard an organization from the harmful effects of a crisis. This team tries to strengthen the organization so that it can deal with unavoidable risks. Recommendations As a Senior HR Executive of the company, I will recommend that a crisis management team is formed at the isolated sites of Mining Co. so that the team can deal with the issues related to the talent gap in the sites, which is harming the work process in these areas. The team will constitute of a the Head of departments, The Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors, Advisors and representatives of the Human Resource department. The main functions of this team will be To detect the talent gap in the sites even before it occurs. To identify the problems of the employees due to which the gap occurs. To discuss the problems directly with the employees. To prepare a plan and also keep back up so that the talent gap can be fulfilled immediately. To motivate the employees so that they can face the situation and can deal with the problems. To support the organization in such a way so that it can come out of any crisis at the earliest. The team will be rewarded by incentives if the problem of the talent gap in the organization is fulfilled before it can create any type of problems for the organization. Conclusion From the above discussion I will conclude that the problems faced by MiningCo. can be solved if the mentioned ways are implemented. Performance management system will help in motivating the employees so that their performance can be improved based on the examination of their previous achievements. Further, this will help the organization to retain the employees who are suitable for its functions. The problem related to resignation of Senior Executive can also be solved by providing them with extra security in the vulnerable sites. The crisis management team will support the organization at time of an emergency. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Azanza, G., Moriano, J. A., Molero, F. (2013). Authentic leadership and organizational culture as drivers of employees job satisfaction.Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones,29(2), 45-50. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Bschgens, T., Bausch, A., Balkin, D. B. (2013). Organizational culture and innovation: A meta?analytic review.Journal of product innovation management,30(4), 763-781. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Gause, F. G. (2014). Beyond sectarianism: The new Middle East cold war.Brookings Doha Center Analysis Paper,11, 1-27. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Haines III, V. Y., St-Onge, S. (2012). Performance management effectiveness: practices or context?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(6), 1158-1175. Karanikolos, M., Mladovsky, P., Cylus, J., Thomson, S., Basu, S., Stuckler, D., ... McKee, M. (2013). Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe.The Lancet,381(9874), 1323-1331. Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R. (2012).Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills best practices. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Mansfield, R. (2013).Company strategy and organizational design. Routledge. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016).Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Nahavandi, A., Denhardt, R. B., Denhardt, J. V., Aristigueta, M. P. (2013).Organizational behavior. Sage Publications. Nelson, D. L., Quick, J. C. (2013).Organizational behavior: Science, the real world, and you. Cengage learning. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Pullen, A., Rhodes, C. (2015). Ethics, embodiment and organizations.Organization,22(2), 159-165. Smith, B. (2015). ISIS and the sectarian conflict in the Middle East.Economic Indicators,3, 15. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons.

Modern Political Issues in the Philippines free essay sample

Does MNLF headed by Nur Misuari has a right of title over areas of Mindanao. Moro National Liberation Front or MNLF be it under Misuari or other leader has no right over any part of Mindanao legally speaking. Muslim Mindanao had always been undisputed in any head on battle or war in history. From their pre-colonial autonomy up to the present incessant rebellion against the national government, they are always marked by triumph and non-withering spirit. They tactfully and secretly wished for independence but not to the extent of jeopardizing the nation. However, the Jabidah Massacre slapped the abhorrent and painful issues kept inside the hearts and minds of our Muslim brethren. Deep inside, they are rebelling for being discriminated, marginalized, and forsaken. Then Nur Misuari or Chairman Nur united them under Moro National Liberation Front in the aim of getting the national government to listen and listen intently. After a widespread bloodshed, both sides took a halt and decided to bring the issues squarely on one table. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Political Issues in the Philippines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was one of the longest talks literally because it was done first in Malaysia, then in Turkey, and finally in Libya. Hence, the Tripoli Agreement. The Tripoli Agreement was basically a mutually agreed Yes’ and No’s of both parties. It ordered for a detailed autonomous act to be legislated by the Congress. When it was signed in Manila, the war was officially over. As the national government’s dedication to peace and accountability, the Congress did enact RA 6734 (An Act Providing for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) and RA 9054 (An Act to Strengthen and Expand the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) as an amendment to the latter. ARMM then became a fully and legally functioning regional government. All was well except for the fact that there had been another uprising from a splinter group of MNLF which is the more aggressive Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). They wanted more so they said, but Chairman Nur argued that MILF is but another intrusion from the imperial police government of Malaysia. Whatever and whoever is behind this movement, it doesn’t change the fact that it claimed more lives and hindered progress especially in the island of Mindanao. So the national government faced another toll and after years of fighting, they are back around that table again. This time, in Malaysia and this time, without MNLF. Now that the Framework Agreement is nearing completion, MNLF felt betrayed and legally violated by this peace process. They waged another war even though the government talked with them again and this time the venue is Indonesia. I believe that MNLF has no legal right over any part of Mindanao. There had been no clause or section in the Organic Act for ARMM mentioning that. However, it could be deduced that the government committed a fatal error befriending MILF and alienating the other. This could be another history repetition. Who knows what arm uprising would be organized again and under what name. Peace in this island will never be achieved if the national government does not change its perspective. Muslims here in Mindanao have different ethnicities and clans. They are united by one thing, their faith, but they are divided by hundred other issues. Never alienate anyone. Finally, this may sound a little over the top, but it’s high time we confront the issue of foreign intervention in our national affairs. It would be very comical having to find out that we are actually settling our brotherly disputes in a bully’s yard. 2. Does Philippines have rightful ownership over Sabah? Cite legal and Historical Basis. Philippines is the rightful owner of North Borneo. Historical Perspective: North Borneo was originally owned by the sultan of Brunei. In 1700’s, there was rebellion in the country and the Sultan of Sulu helped him by sending his soldiers. As token of gratitude and as a tradition, he gave a chunk of his property to the Sultan of Sulu. This was divided into two and the other chunk was given to another sultan who sold it to a Dutch businessman and is presently owned by Indonesia. The remaining lot is the one we call Sabah under the Malaysian government. This was leased or â€Å"padyak† to a British businessman who established British North Borneo Company in 1878. Right after the country was declared independent after Japanese colonization, the United Kingdom claimed Sabah as part of the Crown colony from being a Protectorate. In the 1960’s, during the presidency of Pres. Diosdado Macapagal, the sultan of Sulu transferred the sovereignty of North Borneo to the National Government fearing that United Kingdom will hand over the Sabah right to the newly independent nation of Malaysia. The rest is history as they say although it is surely clear that Philippines owns Sabah or North Borneo so to speak. Legal Basis: There is a little doubt for me on our ownership’s legality. If we are going to cite the historical evidence of our ownership, there would be no question at all. It had been talked about over the news after the Lahad Datu standoff and was reported that after Pres. Diosdado Macapagal fought our right over Sabah, the claim went status quo. However, there is another side of the story missing. United Kingdom made a move over this dispute; they went to ask residents of Sabah to decide whether to be part of Malaysia or the Philippines. The result was a little inaccurate and that was the time when the United Nations stepped in. UN and ICJ have this modern approach in settling territorial disputes. Historical basis are not given so much weight because almost every side will provide authentic document supporting their claim: Philippines giving documents saying that we only leased it and Malaysia saying that padyak means selling and the payment made even until today is just a part of what had been agreed during the negotiations that the heirs will be given royalty fee or that sort. In the spirit of democracy and/or majority rule, another plebiscite was held and the locals decided to embrace Malaysian government. This was the reason why we did not include Sabah in our territory even when we transitioned to the 1987 Constitution. The Sultanate of Sulu is firm on their stand that Sabah should be given back to us. They said that the Lahad Datu incident was a mere protest on the Malaysian government abuse to the locals of Sabah who originated from Southern Philippines. This time they are sure that we will win given another plebiscite. However, Malaysia is not compromising and is not willing for another talk. Who would want to if what is at risk is a parcel of land contributing 23 percent of your GNP. As for me, the alarming thing brought about by this dilemma is how the Philippine government is addressing it. The administration is showing its teeth to the sultanate just to tell the international community that we can handle our national issues and that we have this internal stability. â€Å"Palagi na lang tayong tuta ng ibang bansa; kailan pa tayo magigising aso? † (Princess Jaycel Kiram). 3. Why UN through US interested in nuclear weapons of North Korea? The United Nation will always knock on any nation’s door to make sure that the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is adhered to. This has been in effect since 1970 and signed by 190 countries except for India, Israel, Pakistan, and South Sudan. North Korea acceded to NPT although it was reported that it never complied to it. This stubborn communist country has taken an on-and-off pledge for the nuclear disarmament. However, there had been serious report that they are trying to miniaturize nuclear bombs to fit into a missile and to change their use of plutonium to the untested and feared uranium. These bold moves are causing unrest to its neighboring countries especially South Korea and the whole world in general. One missile launch would create a massive havoc and devastation that would render most of the countries defenseless (not unless your country is a closet nuclear developer). That would be reason enough for the whole global community to fret and be aggressive.

Giotto Di Bondone and Pablo Picasso Essay Example

Giotto Di Bondone and Pablo Picasso Paper Giotto and Picasso Giotto di Bondone and Pablo Picasso, two of the greatest artists in history, greatly influenced today’s art and its techniques. Both of them broke the boundaries applied to their time and expressed space in ways that had never been seen before. Nonetheless, there exist differences between the two. For instance, their artistic styles and stages differed. While Giotto painted in the Gothic period and in the style of frescoe, Picasso, being a painter of the twentieth century, had many styles and stages broken down into periods to his works. His most famous period, also known as the most radical art of the twentieth century, has been Cubism. Furthermore, Giotto dealt largely in traditional religious subjects, something which Picasso did not. Giotto was also the first to apply expression to faces, making each person an individual; show detailed clothing and fill in his background with trees and mountains. Their way of breaking boundaries also differed. Giotto broke free from the old stylistic conventions that had dominated European art for more than a thousand years. Picasso, on the other hand, opened up a century’s worth of exploration on the meaning of art through his angry masterpiece Les Demoiselles d’Avignon and his conclusion to the concept of Cubism. Yet another difference between the two would be their use of space. In his Madonna enthroned, Giotto opened up space in front and behind the Madonna, creating a window that allowed the viewer to see into an illusionistic space on the two- dimensional panel; while Picasso began to express space in strongly geometrical terms, creating an almost sculptural sense of space in the late 1906 during the beginnings of Cubism. We will write a custom essay sample on Giotto Di Bondone and Pablo Picasso specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Giotto Di Bondone and Pablo Picasso specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Giotto Di Bondone and Pablo Picasso specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both being such great influences on art, it would be hard to decide who the better artist had been and, although Giotto may be recognized as the first genius of art in the early Italian Renaissance, Picasso is considered to be one of the greatest artists of the twentieth century. Giotto was a painter of the Gothic period, which was from approximately 1200-1300, and painted in the style of frescoe. 1 Although he lacked the knowledge of perspective and anatomy, which was common amongst other artists of his day, Giotto was the first to have a grasp of human emotion and of the significance that human life holds. He was also the first to present detailed clothing and a filled-in background along with showing people in his paintings as individuals, each portraying some sort of expression or emotion on their face. In his Lamentation of the dead Christ or ‘Pieta’, Giotto showed each face in the painting as a different person with expression or emotion on the faces and filled in the background with trees and mountains. He broke free from the old stylistic conventions that dominated European art in his painting of the Madonna Enthroned. Here, he opened up space in front and behind the Madonna, creating a window that allowed the viewer to see into an illusionistic space on the two-dimensional panel, giving the panel a sense close to tri-dimensionality. 3 Giotto also introduced a naturalistic style of painting. 4 In his Madonna and Child, Giotto showed baby fat, baby hands doing baby things (instead of blessing people) and details on the Madonna’s clothing. In his Kiss of Judas, one can see individual hairs and Judas’ lips puckering for the kiss. His works dealt largely on traditional religious subjects, such as the Madonna or Judas, but he gave them an earthly and full-bloodied life and force. 5 Although his style began to die down, it was later revived in the 1400s by Masaccio. Pablo Picasso began to draw at an early age and, unlike Giotto, had many stages and styles to his paintings. He had a â€Å"Blue Period†, a â€Å"Rose Period† and an â€Å"Abstract† or â€Å"Cubist Period†; the latest of the three being his most famous period. 6 Picasso’s â€Å"Blue Period† was during his late teens, around 1901 to 1904, and the works he produced were quite sentimental. Shortly after moving to Paris from Barcelona, he began creating works suffused in blue pigment, giving them a somber tone. This was triggered by the suicide of his childhood friend, the Spanish poet Casagemas, along with his own poor living conditions during that time. 7 The most poignant of his works in this style would probably be that of La Vie, which started off as a self portrait but then looked a lot like and had the features of Casagemas, and is located now in Cleveland’s Museum of Art. 8 In 1905-1906, he began to lighten his palette and thus created a beige or â€Å"rose† tone; this began his â€Å"Rose Period. Here, his subject matters were a lot less depressing than that of his â€Å"Blue Period. †9 One of his works from this period is located in Washington D. C’s National Gallery; the large and extremely beautiful Family of Saltimbanques (circus people) dating to 1905. Set in a one-dimensional space, it shows a group of circus workers who appea r alienated and unable to communicate with each other. 10 In the late 1906, Picasso began to express space in strongly geometrical terms. This was inspired by Cezanne’s flattened depiction of space. These efforts of developing an almost sculptural sense of space are the beginnings of â€Å"Cubism. †11 The profound effects that Cezanne had on Picasso resulted in his creation of the angry masterpiece Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, now held in New York’s Museum of Modern Art. 12 This masterpiece was not shown to the public until 1916, long after he had completed his early â€Å"Cubist† pictures. His previous works had not yet prepared the populance for the explosion of this creation which greatly impacted later Modernism. 13 Cubism itself had two stages to it. The initial stage was â€Å"Analytical Cubism,† where objects were deconstructed into their original components, and the second stage, which was also its conclusion, was â€Å"Synthetic Cubism. † The aim of â€Å"Analytical Cubism† was to produce conceptual images of objects instead of perceptual ones and, at its height, reached levels of expression that threatened to be incomprehensible to the viewer. 14 One of his works from this period would be that of his Girl with a Mandolin, considered to be a valuable document of the period because Picasso saw the work as unfinished and this gives an insight into his aesthetic intentions and his technical procedure. Picasso took the concept of â€Å"Cubism† to its logical conclusion in â€Å"Synthetic Cubism. † He did so by pasting a piece of oilcloth to the canvas, a key watershed in Modern art, which provided a sort of sophisticated double take on the part of the observer, and through this he opened up a century’s worth of exploration in the meaning of art. 15 A good example of this ‘dubbed’ â€Å"Synthetic Cubism† can be found in the Picasso Museum in Paris. The witty work is entitled Geometric Composition: The Guitar and was created in 1913. This, alongside other things, made â€Å"Cubism† the most radical of all the arts of the twentieth century. After World War I, Picasso reverted to a Classicist mode of representation to reflect society’s disillusionment and shock with the technological horrors of the war but still continued to push â€Å"Cubism† into new paths. In January, 1937, Picasso was asked to paint a mural for the Spanish pavilion at the world exposition in Paris by the Republican government. 16 Spurred on by the atrocities of the war, the horrors men can wreak upon fellow men and the total destruction of the town of Guernica in he Basque country by bombs, he painted the oil of Guernica in monochrome. This renowned oil, first located in Ney York’s Museum of Modern Art until the death of Franco, can now be found in Madrid’s Museo Nacional Centro de arte Reina Sofia. 17 Giotto was one of the first artists of the proto-renaissance period in Italy and his emergence actually signa led the beginning of the Renaissance in Italy. His style of painting broke so radically from the shackles of medieval restraint, that influences on his style are still being debated today. It would be nearly impossible to imagine art without Giotto for he was such a sensation in his time that he was mentioned in Petrarch’s writings and in Dante’s Divine Comedy, where he was said to have surpassed his master. Sometimes called the â€Å"father of western pictoral art†, his painting turned from the flatter and more iconic byzantine style to having a more naturalistic approach. He was a firm proponent of using the observation of nature to learn about art and his painting emphasized some major characteristics of modern representational art, sculptural solidity, weight/mass of figures and dimensionality. Because of his naturalistic way of painting, modern artists often seek inspiration from Giotto because, in him, they find a direct approach to human experience that remains valid for all ages. Overall, the reason for Giotto’s being regarded as the founder of the central tradition of Western painting would be because his work broke free from the stylizations of Byzantine art, introducing new ideals of naturalism and creating a convincing sense of pictoral space. In about 1400, Cennino Cennini wrote â€Å"Giotto translated the art of painting from Greek to Latin. †18 Pablo Picasso was the most influential artist of his century. Influences of his work can be seen in the artwork of great artists such as Salavadore Dali, Juan Gris’ and Wassily Kandinski amongst others. Yet, like all other great artists including Giotto, his work influenced more than just artists and represented more than just art. He contributed to the political and social climate of his time. It is safe to say that, unlike Giotto, his uplifting work offered hope through two world wars and a civil war in his homeland Spain inspiring millions of people at a time when the world’s future was in doubt. Not that Giotto’s work did not offer hope but that it was neither at such a hard time nor during a war. Another aspect in which he differed from Giotto would be in that of his productivity. Picasso was not only influential but also probably the most productive artist in history. He created over 50,000 works in his lifetime, although not all of them were paintings. A genius of art whose works include 347 untitled engravings, stage sets, illustrations of classical texts, sculptures, ceramics, lithography, a play and two collections of poetry, he truly lives up to his given title of ‘the greatest artist of the twentieth century. It is easy to see what a creative individual Picasso had been. Just one look at the live he lived assures that he was a genius and perhaps even that he was the most renowned artist of all time. 19 Although one might think that Giotto is ultimately the better artist because he was the first to make a drastic change and the first to majorly influence others that could not be confirmed nor stated with complete assurance because the depth of his and Picasso’s influences does not really have a way of being measured. Since Picasso, too, greatly influenced people after and during his own time, Giotto cannot be credited for being the most influential. Yet, although Picasso did create countless works and masterpieces that are acknowledged even to this day while knowledge of Giotto’s work is limited, Picasso cannot be given the title of the better artist because quantity does not represent quality and although Picasso had a lot of both that does not necessarily mean that Giotto was lacking in either of these aspects. Therefore, it would be safer to assume that they both had great and immeasurable impacts and influences on those around them or their work. Even though Giotto and Picasso did differ greatly, whether it was in their styles, stages, subjects, times, ways of expression or ways of breaking boundaries along with other things like influences; it is important to keep in mind that they both had an overall drastic effect on today’s art and that, without either of them, art as it is known would just not be the same. Whether it would be better or worse can be kept in doubt because it proves to be something almost impossible to confirm. Either way, both artists contributed in the making of today’s art and various art styles and periods prior to this time. Both of them have been kept alive all throughout history and that must be so for a reason. So, even if to some art is pretty much meaningless and not of interest, artists prove to be very important people to history not only in the art category but also in other categories such as politics which, by most, are considered a majorly important part of history. Actually, Picasso would be a great example for this because, during the time in which he lived, he did contribute to the political and social climate of his time. Giotto probably did not do anything like that but that does not kick him any lower on the scale of importance. Ultimately, Giotto, who is recognized as the first art genius in the early Italian Renaissance, and Picasso, who is known as one of the greatest artists of the twentieth century and probably the most renowned artist of all time, are both majorly important figures in history whose greatness can be compared to not only each other but also to many other great artists before and after their times whose accomplishments have also been recorded in history. Some of which might have even proved to be of inspiration to them throughout their lives and some of which might have been inspired by them after their lives. Either way both are like roots to a plant, each a different part but connected somehow to the main object or in this case idea, and are located so deeply in ‘the dirt’ or in this case ‘time’ or ‘history’ that it would be impossible to pull them out. In their case, the idea that they are firmly holding together and keeping alive, even after their own deaths, is that of difference because difference can mean many different things and it can be expressed in many different ways. Therefore, it is difference that they created by pushing above and beyond the limits which they were told they had and it is difference they are still inspiring, even to this day, for others to achieve because of the changes and after-effects their being different left behind. How much and how many people each of them inspired to achieve this difference cannot be counted and neither could however many of them achieved the difference they were trying to achieve. Yet there is no need to count because the beauty of a flower is not shown in how many petals it holds but in the flower itself, and the beauty of inspiration is not shown by how many people have been inspired but by inspiration itself. The fact that they have been kept alive for so long after their deaths and that people are still being inspired by their achievements gives them both an irrevocable and undying importance and beauty. Depending on who has been inspired by which of the two, some people will think one better than the other but, nonetheless, neither of them will ever surpass the other because if such a task were attempted than it would go on without end. 1†Giotto†, staff. fcps. net, Fayette Co. ,04/29/2009, 10/27/2010, http://staff. fcps. et/aaford/art/giotto. htm 2†Giotto di Bondone†, WebMuseum, Nicolas Pioch, July 27,2002; 10/27/2010, http://ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/giotto/ 3†Comparing Giotto’s and Cimabue’s Madonna Enthroned†, Helium, Thomas Plazibat, 2002-2010, 10/27/2010, http://www. helium. com/items/1897085_giotto_and_cimabue_the_differences 4L. Wolf, Martin, Dictionary of the Arts,(New York,1951) Pg. 216 5†Giotto di Bondone†, WebMuse um 6†Pablo Picasso†, staff. fcps. net, Fayette Co. , 4/29/2003, 10/28/2010, http://staff. fcps. net/aaford/art/picasso. tm 7†Blue Period†, the Artchive, 10/28/2010, http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso_blue. html 8†Pablo Picasso†, the Artchive, 10/28/2010, http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso. html 9†Rose Period†, the Artchive, 10/28/2010, http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso_rose. html 10†Pablo Picasso†, the Artchive, 10/28/2010 11†Beginnings of Cubism†, the Artchive, 10/28/2010, http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso_protocubism. html 12Brownes, Alan; Modern European Art, (Thomas and Hudson, London, England, 1972)Pg. 105-107 13Ibid, Pg. 117 4†Analytical Cubism†, theArtchive, 11/4/2010, http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso_analyticalcubism. html 15†Synthetic Cubism†, theArtchive, 11/4/2010, http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso_syntheticcubism . html 16†Between the Wars†, theArtchive, 11/4/2010, http://www. artchive. com/artchive/P/picasso_betweenwars. html 17†Pablo Picasso†, the Artchive, 11/4/2010 18†Giotto(b. 1267, Vespignano, d. 1337, Firenze)†, ORACLE*ThinkQuest, 11/5/2010, http://library. thinkquest. org/15962/data/giotto. html 19†Pablo Picasso†, the Artchive, 11/4/2010

10 CCOT Essay Topics on Chemistry Research

10 CCOT Essay Topics on Chemistry Research Has your professor tasked you with writing a CCOT Essay on Chemistry Research? Not sure where to begin? If you are reading this guide, your troubles are over! We have helped hundreds to thousands of students write excellent CCOT essays and this guide will help you get started too. For any particular subject/topic, we introduce three major guides that contain almost everything about the particular topic you want to write on, plus how it’s written, and the basics and methods of writing it. This has been proven to be very useful and had helped many students produce stellar assignments. We hope you will benefit the same way, once you’re done reading and following all three of our guides. In this first guide, 10 facts for a CCOT essay on chemistry research, you are introduced to 10 credible facts on Chemistry Research, so that you have the context and information you need to write a CCOT essay on your own. In our second guide, 20 topics for a CCOT essay on chemistry research, we’ve compiled 20 topics relevant to chemistry research, so you won’t have to bother thinking about what topics to write on. The topic suggestions will certainly help you start writing instantaneously. We’ve also included a sample essay based on one of the 20 topics so that you can see how a CCOT essay is written on Chemistry Research. Finally, in our last and third guide, how to write a CCOT essay on chemistry research, we explain what a CCOT essay is at its core, how it’s written and the formats as well as methods used in it. This will go a long way to help you write an exemplary essay, leaving your professors awestruck. Here are the 10 Facts on Chemistry Research: The bonding of hydrogen is one of the most important aspects of biochemistry and psychiatry that help study chemical events and how molecules interact with each other. This results in behaviors that are highly observable. Here is why this is considered very important. Hydrogen bonding is crucially important for our body and nervous system. It gives way to the study of biochemical neuro translation. Hydrogen bonding form a dipole-dipole moment since they are highly electronegative – they have partially positive and partially negative charges. In order to have proper analysis or research on a specific chemical you have to do a load of specifics processes. You have to do some sampling, which may result in sampling errors that need to be corrected. Naming the sampling is also necessary in order to know what is what. It’s time to prepare your samples for analysis. After the preparation, the analysis takes place. Signals are recorded and evaluated. These signals are then processed accordingly. The result of the analysis is then evaluated to see the correctness, exactness and reproducibility. After the evaluation, the analysis is checked for plausibility. If plausible, it’s certified by the rightful authorities. In the end, the research or analysis is filed in a journal. There are two types of methods for quantitative analysis. First - atomic spectroscopy is used for heavy metals that are found in soil, waste or water. Second - gas chromatography is used for solvents present in soil, water, air or waste water. The definition of analytical chemistry is not universal and there seems to be disagreement regarding it. It states â€Å"the analysis of chemicals to describe their property and characterizing their composition through qualitative and quantitative measurements is known as Analytical Chemistry†. However, the real description of analytical chemistry is something else. Many renowned chemists don’t consider analytical chemistry to be a branch of chemistry. In fact, they consider it an application of chemical knowledge. The craft of analytical chemistry is often misinterpreted as chemical analysis; however, both are different and play uniquely different roles. Analytical chemistry is responsible for the development of procedures and methods, improvising them and establishing old methods into new types of samples – which can be used to measure chemical phenomena. In order words, analytical chemistry is used to enhance studies and research that revolve around chemistry itself. There are a plethora of answers to the question, â€Å"What is the perspective of analytical chemistry?† However, this can be easily described in a five-step process. First, identify the problem and then define what it is. Create an experimental procedure to find the solution. Conduct the experiment and gather necessary data needed for evaluation. Analyze the data obtained from the experiment. Once the solution has been found, propose it. The bonding capacity of hydrogen is highly electronegative which helps create a strong electrical attraction, allowing various molecules, peptides and amino acids to get glued together. Neuropeptides have revolutionized psychiatric research in the past few years. The peptides are actually formed through a process known as â€Å"dehydration synthetics†, where hydrogen separates itself from oxygen; i.e. separation of H2O. There are three constructs of neuropeptides which lay the foundation of the theory of neuropeptides: Peptides are chemical signals in the endocrine system that includes the nervous system of the peripheral. The general principle is that neuroscience is actually the necro secretion of peptides. The last construct is that these neuropeptides are responsive to the nervous system. Neuropeptides are the most diversified and complex class of signaling molecules that are triggered through psychological processes in the body and nervous system. One of the most important polypeptides is the Cyclase Activating Polypeptide. Blocking of this peptide results in the symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress. We’re sure you found these facts interesting. These will substantially help you write an excellent CCOT essay. Let’s move on to our next guide, 20 topics for a CCOT essay on chemistry research, where you are provided with 20 relevant topics along with a sample essay to help you start writing without any hitches. Be sure to follow up with our final guide, how to write a CCOT essay on chemistry research, which tells you exactly how a CCOT essay is written, along with some tips to make it strikingly awesome. References: Ruben Rafayelyan, (2016) Neuropeptides, Depression and Biochemistry UC Irvine Department of Social Scienceshttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/270274708_Chemistry_research_paper Prof. Dr. Manfred Sietz and Dr. Andreas Sonnenberg – Short introduction intoAnalytical Chemistry, FH Lippe und Hà ¶xter, University of Applied Science. https://www.hs-owl.de/fb8/fileadmin/download_verzeichnis/chemie/Analytical_Chemistry.pdf Prof. Clemens F Kaminski, (2013) Part I Chemical Engineering Section 2 (ex-ET) ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY CFK/PJB http://six.cheng.cam.ac.uk/wiki/images/0/01/AChem_Notes.pdf Liu, H., Dasgupta, P. K. (1996). Analytical chemistry in a drop. Solvent extraction in a microdrop. Analytical Chemistry, 68(11), 1817-1821. Booksh, K. S., Kowalski, B. R. (1994). Theory of analytical chemistry. Analytical Chemistry, 66(15), 782A-791A. Backes, C., Sedaghat-Hamedani, F., Frese, K., Hart, M., Ludwig, N., Meder, B., Keller, A. (2016). Bias in high-throughput analysis of miRNAs and implications for biomarker studies. Analytical chemistry, 88(4), 2088-2095. Armstrong, D. W. (2016). Enhanced Performance Separations: Smaller, Faster, More Complex Samples. Analytical chemistry.

Marketing module 1 Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing module 1 Case Study - Essay Example This paper will be directed towards describing the target markets and market positioning strategies of two companies having products and services that are similar and belong to the same industry classification. In this respect I have chosen to compare and contrast Wal-Mart and K-Mart, two of America’s most well-known discount stores and indeed Fortune 500 companies worthy of global recognition. Interestingly both of these companies have been in operation for more than 40 years and have seen a lot of ups and downs in the corporate landscape. The Wal-Mart chain is the brainchild of Sam Walton who worked at J.C Penney’s before opening up his own store in Arkansas in 1962. Due to his outstanding success, the company quickly expanded to 24 stores across the state before going public in 1969. Today it owns and operates over 8500 stores in 15 countries under the Wal-Mart logo as well as other names (Frank, 2006). On the other hand, K-Mart was formed back in 1899 by Sebastian S . Kresge, who as a travelling salesman met and was inspired by Frank Woolworth, owner of the original discount store concept business that bears his name. K-Mart has also been reconstituted and changed its logo after coming out of bankruptcy proceedings in 2002. The company is slowly reconsolidating its position in the USA and worldwide. Big Kmart, K-wash, K-Cafe and Kmart Supercenter stores are concepts similar to Wal-Mart’s Sam’s Club, Walmart market, Marketside, Express and other initiatives. Comparison of Target Markets and Positioning Strategies Coming to the concept of target markets and market positioning strategies, we see that Wal-Mart had previously adopted a one-size fits all approach and sought to attract all groups of customers by offering slightly lower prices and volume discounts. This is also reflected by its slogan for 19 years which ran as: ‘Always lower prices, always’. But lately the company has evolved a new business strategy that acti vely practices market segmentation. Its segmented groups may be stated as African-Americans, Hispanics, affluent empty nesters, rural residents and suburbanites (Walmart website, 2011). Based upon current research, the company’s biggest three customer group segments are Brand Aspirationals, value-price shoppers and price-sensitive affluents. Meanwhile the company has also reconstituted its logo and slogan which reads: ’Saving people money so that they can live better lives.’ As compared to this, K-Mart’s has not yet done the customer segmentation approach. It is still busy reconsolidating and experimenting with changes after the 2005 purchase of Sears. Its businesses in Australia and New Zealand operate under entirely separate management. While the names of some stores have been retained, others have been sold to the Wesfarmers group (K-Mart website, 2011). Creating a New Target Market and Consumer Perceptions Creating a new target market may be easy or d ifficult, depending on the nature of the product or service, the ease of introducing a new product line that does something a little different or is offered to complement something that the existing products are already offering. I would imagine that K-Mart and Wal-Mart would do well to offer a line of exclusive and specialty products as cars or business suits that are made by the world’

Philosophy of science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of science - Essay Example Kuhn considers paradigm as an important scientific tool that supports the continuation of a particular research. According to him, paradigm is a structure that contains the widely accepted views about phenomena. It has various roles in normal science. One of the roles of paradigm is the ability to determine what a researcher should study or research (Kuhn 43). This is role one of the guiding principles of paradigm as explained by the philosopher. This means that paradigm defines the existing problems while helping one find solutions to the problem. Knowing about the existing problems helps one to know what to study. The role is different from Popper’s falsification which holds that a research should dictate a paradigm because in normal science, the objective of the study is defined by paradigm. Kuhn claims that if one doubts the truth of the existing theories, it would be difficult for him to conduct any research. For instance, if a scientist is to research about a problem rel ated to atoms. She or she would be guided by the basic atomic paradigm such as the mass of the atom to solve the problem. If the researcher would doubt the existing theories about the mass of an atom, it would be difficult to provide the background of the problem. However, since a paradigm is already established, one does not have to focus on verifying the assumptions of the study as they are widely accepted. The other role of paradigm is that it guides a researcher on the types of research questions that should be used in a study.

Notion Of Houses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Notion Of Houses - Essay Example As an initial matter, the concept upon which I place the greatest value is education. Without an education, without knowledge and experience, I am what my father refers to as an empty house. Education, as my personal value, is not intended to be defined too narrowly; quite the contrary, I envision education as encompassing facts and experiences. It is learning how to socialize with different kinds of people as well as learning about facts. It is as much about learning about my limitations, whether physical or emotional, as well as learning about philosophies and the hard sciences. Curiosity is one of my motivations and a desire to live my life purposefully is another. We learn every day if we are aware of the opportunities, and in this way, education is something which permeates our lives. I can't think of a greater value to be passionate about.Related to my choice of education as my greatest value is my continuing passion to learn in different settings. To be sure, most people assoc iate education with formal educational settings. They think of desks, and classrooms, and exams. This is certainly one type of learning setting but is hardly the only set of which I am passionate about. My passion is to visit lakes and ponds, to examine artifacts and relics in museums, and to meet people both young and old. Each experience furnishes the house to which my father alluded, making it more beautiful and complete, and I view broad experiences as a passion to be pursued and indulged in with passion.

Description of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Description of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a standardized questionnaire designed to bring forth a wide variety of self-descriptions scored to give a quantitative dimension of an individuals level of emotional adjustment and approach toward test taking. The MMPI has been known as the leading personality inventory, most psychologists who conduct assessments as part of their clinical and consulting practice utilize this test. The widespread use of this test is accredited to several features ranging from its straightforwardness in scoring and administration, a straightforward response format that is essential for research design, a large item pool, many useful purposes and functions, and many practically established correlates. Psychologists make diagnostic and treatment decisions, through MMPI, it has been employed in inpatient and outpatient mental health facilities. It has been used by psychologists in clinical setting to evaluate the existence of psychological components in physical issues and to aid in predicting responses to a variety of therapy and treatment. Starke R. Hathaway and J. Charnley McKinley developed the MMPI in 1939 at the university of Minnesota. It was developed initially because of their vision of an instrument that could assist in evaluating patients during routine psychiatric case workups and could precisely determine the severity of their disorders. Hathaway believed the MMPI might aid researchers in assessing the usefulness of new treatment interventions by allowing methodical matching and evaluation of the participants. The MMPI was constructed using the criterion keying method also known as the empirical method of inventory construction. (Archer, 1997) The criterion keying method is utilized by testing with two or more groups of participants. One group serves as the criterion group, this group has evidence of the defining trait, diagnosis or characteristic that test is intended to evaluate, and the other group/groups serve as a comparison group, where there is no evidence of the characteristics or diagnosis under evaluation. Responses of the criterion and comparison group are compared, and items are then selected for inventory membership that empirically demonstrate significant differences in response frequency. (Archer, 1997) Hathaway and McKinley began their construction of the MMPI by creating an extensive item pool from which various scales could be constructed, the item pool consisted of a variety of statements from different sources, ranging from previously established scales of personal and social attitudes, clinical reports, case histories, psychiatric interviewing manuals and personal clinical experience. (Groth-Marnat, 1997) the result of extensive exclusion and amendment were 504 statements, these statements were balanced between positive and negative wording, and were developed to tap into a broad area of an individuals life. The 504 items were divided into twenty-five content areas. These included items related to general medical and neurological symptoms, the clinical scales ranged from hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria psychopathic deviate, paranoia, schizophrenia, etc to scales to social introversion etc. An additional 55 items thought to be related to masculinity-femininity were later added, and 9 items were subsequently deleted to achieve the final pool of 550 items. (Nichols, 2001) The format of the inventory was first person declarative statements, composed of basic phrasing based on contemporary word-frequency tables. The responses were limited to true, false or cannot say. (Nichols, 2001) The population consisted of normals(Nichols) who were selected to contrast with the pathological criterion groups (N=724) ranging from the age of 16 to 65 referred also as the Minnesota normals(Groth-Marnat, 1997), the sample was closely representative of a typical group of individuals from the Minnesota population, as indicated through the 1930 census. The scales were cross-validated by selecting a different group of normals and contrasting their responses with a new group of clinical patients; so that the items and scales would be valid for differential analysis in clinical setting. Hathaway and McKinley were interested in the fact that participants amend the impression they made on the test due to different test taking positions and opinions; hence the created several scales that could identify the different types and magnitudes of various test-taking attitudes which could invalidate the clinical scales. They developed four scales: the cannot say scale (?) was simply the total number of unanswered statements; If amount of questions was high it would reduce the overall validity of the MMPI profile. The lie scale (L) was developed to indicates the examinees efforts to place himself/herself morally and culturally under an favorable light a create an favorable impression. The infrequency scale (F) is used to assess the inclination of individuals to claim highly unusual attitudes, opinions, and behaviors that are classified as an component of psychopathology. The correction scale (k) assesses the examinees degree of psychological defensiveness (Groth-Marnat, 1997) t his is considered the most important validity scale. Practical evaluation of the MMPI The MMPI can be administered to an individual who is above the age of 16, with an average sixth-grade reading level. As mentioned above an individual above the age of 16 is permitted to take the test, but adolescent norms needs to be addresses. Standard instruction are given prior to the test, test instruction are given regarding the nature and purpose of the test, and what it is designed to evaluate, and how the results will be used. Administering of the MMPI can be viewed as a relatively easy undertaking, and hence many practitioners tend to overlook vital elements that influence the participants test-taking attitude and would eventually lead to invalid results. Prior to the administration, scoring, and interpretation of results, the administrator should highlight the importance and consequences of the test in a serious manner to the test-taker, often the administrators do not high light the importance of the test to decrease performance anxiety. A clear elucidation oh how the resu lts are significant and how it is going to be used will increase cooperation. Interpretation of data is an important and vital part of the MMPI; the collected is useful in supplying information about attitudes toward assessment, cooperation, cognitive/ideation, mood and affect, conflict areas, coping styles, diagnostic consideration and treatment recommendation The interpretation of the scores was based on the principle that a participant attains a raw score on each scale based on the number of items that they identified in the scored direction. The raw scores are then later converted to T scores, with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The interpretation of the test can be done in three ways, first using the validity indicators, this is the first step in interpreting any personality profile; which is establishing the validity to assure the subjects cooperativeness in taking the test. MMPI has been established as having the most comprehensive validity indicators (Goldstein, 2000) among all established personality inventories and assessments. Secondly interpreting results involve Configural Interpretation (code type), this is due to the intercorrelations amongst scales and also the overlap amongst the similarities of clinical syndromes, evidence has been attained indicating several MMPI scales tend to increase together, therefore, interpretations of scales should depend on the elevations of other scales in the personality profile. Third and final approach to interpreting the results is content bases interpretation. The principal followed in the content interpretation relies on the assumption that the participant when answering test items is reacting and responding with honesty and sincerity to the MMPI. Accordingly the content of the MMPI may represent a vital source of information that cannot be accessible through empirical test-interpretation. Technical evaluation The reliability analysis of the MMPI indicate that its has moderate levels of temporal stability and internal consistencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all MMPI scales are quite reliable, with values that range from a low of .71 to a high of .84. (Groth-Marnat, 1997) many studies have reported inconsistency in some of the scales; many argue that the scales of the MMPI show instability in the test scores that are to be anticipated. This is mainly due to the psychiatric population since the effects of treatment or stabilization in a temporary crisis situation is likely to be reflected in a patients test performance. (Groth-Marnat, 1997) To cross-validate the scales, participants of the criterion and the control groups were administered the items. To qualify as cross-validated, a scale had to distinguish the criterion group from the control group at a 0.5 alpha level significance. Another issue that has surface about the MMPI is about the construction of the scales. The intercorrelations between most of the scales are relatively high, which is primarily due to the extensive amount of item overlap. Occasionally, the same item will be concurrently used for the scoring of a few other scales, and hence most of the scales have a relatively high percentage of items similar to other scales The problems associated with the reliability and scale construction have led to hurdles and speculation on the validity of the MMPI. MMPI has been commended about its strict psychometric properties that present complications, but it has been adequately compensated by its intensive validity studies Development of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Problems concerning the MMPI were mainly about the growing issues related to scale construction, insufficiency of a standardized sample and problems with the item pool. The original norm had inadequate representation of the minorities and hence was redundant in making conclusions about and with current test-takers. In 1982, the university of Minnesota instigated a major research in effort to revise, update, improve, and restandardize the MMPI. Its main goals were to delete the redundant, questionable, and problematic items. Maintain the efficacy of existing validity; clinical and different widely utilized scales of the test. Develop a representative sample, Develop new, revised norms for the MMPI and the development of new scales. The MMPI was updated and restandardized and the new version was released in 1989; 46 years after the original MMPI was published. The revised MMPI-2 differs from the older MMPI in various ways; the T scores that the subject obtains are usually not as deviant as those from the previous version. In addition, the T scores designed to produce the same range and distribution right through the established clinical scales. The practical result is that T scores of 65 or greater are considered to be in clinical scale range; also the percentile distributions are consistent throughout the different type of scales. The test booklet itself contains 567 items, but the pattern has been changed so that the previously established scales (the 10 clinical and 3 validity scales) can be derived from the first 370 items. The proceeding 197 items provide different content, supplementary scales. A number of new and revised scales have been included along with new, revised, adjunctive procedures of test vali dity, separate measure of masculinity and femininity and 15 other additional content scales measuring unambiguous and specific personality traits and factors. (Groth-Marnat, 1997) The MMPI-2 shares a lot of psychometric property with the original MMPI. The median split-half reliability coefficients for the MMPI and the MMPI-2 are in the .70s with some coefficients as high as .96 but others much lower. Median of the test-retest coefficients range from a low .50 to .90; when one observes the basic higher-order factor structure; the MMPI and the MMPI-2 are extremely reliable, with coefficients running as high as .90. The MMPI and the MMPI have been criticized due to the item overlap and this issue was not confronted in the revision of the original MMPI, as the goal was to retain all the original scales. Another criticism associated with the MMPI and MMPI-2 is the imbalance in the way the items are keyed(Kaplan Saccuzzo, 2009). the MMPI and the MMPI-2 strongly emphasize the importance of taking the participants demographics into account when interpreting profiles. The MMPI-A was published for the sole interest of creating an instrument for adolescents, with a normative sample depicting the broad teenage population. This occurred because MMPI produced different scale elevations for adolescence than for adults. This resulted in the construction of different sets of recommended norms for use with adolescent populations. To counter argue that the MMPI is too long, especially for adolescent, the MMPI-A contains 478 items, there by shortening the administration. (Groth-Marnat, 1997) Significant features of the MMPI include descriptive and diagnostic information about the personality profiles, flexible administration and scoring. The most important feature of the MMPI is its validity scales; and it has been translated and published into over 20 languages The most needed amendment of the MMPI apparently has been a major accomplishment; the majority of psychologist, researchers, and clinicians have supported its utility and practical value resulting in its rising popularity among them. The MMPI serves to assist in distinguishing the normal from abnormal groups; specifically the test was designed to help aid in diagnosis and evaluation of major psychiatric or psychological disorders.

Childcare: Nursery School and Children Essay

This policy represents the agreed principles for Safeguarding Children throughout the Nursery. All Nursery staff, representing Jack in the Box at Yewtree Nursery have agreed this policy. Introduction The health, safety and welfare of all our children are of paramount importance to all the adults who work in our Nursery. Our children have the right to protection, regardless of age, gender, race, culture, background or disability. They have a right to be safe in our Nursery. This policy is in line with LSCB (Local Safeguarding Children Boards) local guidance and procedures. Aims and objectives Our aims are: * to provide a safe environment for children to learn in; to establish what actions the Nursery can take to ensure that children remain safe, at home as well as at school; * to raise the awareness of all staff to these issues, and to define their roles and responsibilities in reporting possible cases of abuse; * to identify children who are suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm; * to ensure effective communication between all staff on child protection issues; * to set down the correct procedures for those who encounter any issue of safeguarding. Statutory Framework This policy is formulated using the DfES documents: ‘Circular 10/95 – Protecting Children from Abuse: The Role of the Education Service’, ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ (2006), ‘Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education’ (2006) and Hertfordshire Safeguarding Children Board Child Protection procedures (2007). Section 175 of the Education Act 2002 introduced a new duty requiring governing bodies and LAs to have appropriate child-protection procedures in place. This policy takes account of the requests set out in the Children Act 2004 (‘Every Child Matters’). Nursery Schools are expected to ensure that they have appropriate procedures in place for responding to situations in which they believe that a child has been abused or is at risk of abuse – these procedures should also cover circumstances in which a member of staff is accused of, or suspected of, abuse. DfEE Circular 10/95 (Protecting Children from Abuse: The Role of the Education Service) places the following responsibilities on all schools:- * Nurseries should be aware of and follow the procedures established by the Safeguarding Committee * Nurseries should have procedures (of which all staff are aware) for handling suspected cases of abuse of pupils, including procedures to be followed if a member of staff should be alerted to signs of abuse and know to whom they should report any concerns or suspicions * The Designated Senior Person should have responsibility for co-ordinating action within the Nursery and liaise with other agencies * Staff with designated responsibility for Safeguarding should receive appropriate training Circular 10/95 also states that â€Å"parents should be made aware of the Nursery Schools Safeguarding Policy and the fact that this may require cases to be referred to the investigative agencies in the interests of the child†. This including the police. The Designated Senior Persons (DSP) Miss Jennifer Underwood (Senior) Miss Karen Paddick (Deputy) The Designated Senior Persons (DSP) for Safeguarding are the managers of the Nursery. The DSPs’ role is to:- * ensure that the Hertfordshire Area safeguarding Committee’s Safeguarding Procedures are followed in the Nursery * ensure that all staff are aware of these procedures * ensure that appropriate training and support is provided to all staff * develop effective working relationships with other agencies and services * decide whether to take further action about specific concerns (e.g. refer to Children Schools and Families Referral and Assessment Team) * liaise with Social Work Teams over suspected cases of child abuse * ensure that accurate records relating to individual children are kept in a secure place and marked ‘Strictly Confidential’ * submit reports to, and attend, Safeguarding Conferences * ensure that the nursery effectively monitors children who have been identified as ‘at risk’ * provide guidance to parents, children and staff about obtaining suitable support. * Keep up to date with all relevant procedures and legislations * Attend TAC (Team Around the Child) and CAF (Common Assessment Framework) meetings Nursery Procedures * if any member of staff is concerned about a child he or she must inform the DSPs’ * information regarding the concerns must be recorded by the member of staff on the same day on a ‘cause for concern’ sheet (which has an outline of a body on it – staff must accurately record their concerns). The recording must be a clear, precise, factual account of the observations and must be dated. These sheets are kept in the DSP’s ‘Children Causing Concern’ file, which is kept securely in the managers locked cupboard. * the DSP will decide whether the concerns should be referred to Children Schools and Families. If it is decided to make a referral to Children School and Families this may be done without prior discussion with parents * if a referral is made to Children Schools and Families, the DSP will ensure that a written confirmation of the concerns is sent to the ‘Call Centre’ within 48 hours when requested * particular attention will be paid to the attendance and development of any child who the nursery believes to be ‘at risk’ or who has been placed on the Safeguarding children Register * records relating to Safeguarding children will be kept in a secure locked place, separate from the child’s general file * if a pupil who is known to be on the Safeguarding children Register changes nursery school, the DSP will inform the social worker responsible for the case and transfer the appropriate records to the receiving School/Nursery, in a secure manner, to a named person, and separate from the child’s general file. Prevent Abuse by means of good practice * Adults will never be left alone for long periods of time, with individual children or with small groups * Adults that have no CRB certificate or relevant childcare qualifications will never be left alone with a child. * Children will have regular circle time and discussions on appropriate behaviour * All staff are aware of where to access the response phone number. It is clearly displayed on notice boards within the nursery. Staff training A clear vetting and barring training is in place for all new staff and clear policies are in staff handbook. All adults in the Nursery receive regular training to raise their awareness of abuse, and to improve their knowledge of Safeguarding procedures that have been agreed locally. The maximum period of time before refresher training must take place is three years. All staff have appraisals and yearly performance management which are informed by peer on peer observations. When to be concerned Staff should be concerned about a pupil if he or she:- * has any injury which is not typical of the bumps and scrapes normally associated with children’s injuries * regularly has unexplained injuries   * frequently has injuries (even when apparently reasonable explanations are given) * gives confused or conflicting explanations on how injuries were sustained * exhibits significant changes in behaviour, performance or attitude * indulges in sexual behaviour which is unusually explicit and/or inappropriate to his or her age * discloses an experience in which he or she may have been harmed * gives other cause to believe that he or she may be suffering significant harm Dealing with a disclosure If a pupil discloses that he or she has been abused in some way, the member of staff should:- * listen to what is being said without displaying shock or disbelief * accept what is being said * allow the child to talk freely * reassure the child but not make promises which it might not be possible to keep * not promise confidentiality – it might be necessary to refer to Children Schools and Families * reassure him or her that what has happened is not his or her fault * stress that it was the right thing to tell * listen, rather than ask direct questions * if necessary, ask open questions, not leading questions * not criticise the alleged perpetrator * explain what has to be done next and who has to be told. Record keeping and monitoring When a pupil has made a disclosure, the member of staff should:- * make brief notes during and as soon as possible after the conversation * not destroy the original notes in case they are needed by a court * record the date, time, place and any noticeable non-verbal behaviour and the words used by the child * complete the diagram with an outline of a body shape, to indicate the position of any bruising or other injury * record statements and observations rather than interpretations or assumptions on the incident report form. * the DSP is required to undertake an annual Safeguarding Checklist Dealing with a disclosure from a child, and a Safeguarding case in general, is likely to be a stressful experience. The member of staff should, therefore, consider seeking support for him/herself and discuss this with the DSP. Whistleblowing It is important to Jack in the Box that any fraud, misconduct or wrongdoing by employees or people at Jack in the Box is reported and properly dealt with. At Jack in the Box we encourage all individuals to raise any concerns that they may have about the conduct of others in the setting or the way in which the setting is run. At Jack in the Box, we recognise that effective and honest communication is essential if malpractice is to be effectively dealt with. histleblowing relates to all staff and volunteers who work within the setting, who may from time to time think that they need to raise with someone in confidence certain issues relating to Jack in the Box. Whistleblowing is separate from the grievance procedures. If you have a complaint about your own personal circumstances you need to follow the grievance procedures highlighted in the ‘staff hand book’. If you are concerned about malpractice within Jack in the Box the following procedures need to be followed: * Report any concerns to Jenny Underwood or Zoe Tearle * All staff are aware of preventing and eliminating wrongdoing within Jack in the Box and are watchful for illegal, inappropriate or unethical conduct and report anything of that nature to the managers. * Staff understand that any matter raised under this procedure will be investigated thoroughly, promptly and confidentially, and the outcome of the investigation will be reported back to you. * No one will be victimised for raising the matter under this procedure and continued employment and opportunities for future promotion or training will not be prejudiced because of a legitimate concern. * Victimisation of an individual for raising a qualified disclosure will be a disciplinary offence. * If misconduct is discovered as a result of any investigation under this procedure Jack in the Box disciplinary procedure will be used, in addition to any appropriate external measures. * If a malicious, vexatious or false allegation is made then this will be considered to be a disciplinary offence and disciplinary action will be taken. * Any instruction to cover up wrongdoing is itself a disciplinary offence. If you are told not to raise or pursue any concerns, even by a person in authority such as a manager, you should not agree to remain silent. In this event you should report the mater to either Jenny Underwood or Zoe Tearle. Allegations against staff If an allegation is made against a member of the nursery staff (or a volunteer helper), advise would be taken from the LADO and Children Schools and Families will be contacted immediately. If it is felt, after these initial investigations, that a further enquiry is needed, then the member of staff will be suspended. Suspension is a neutral act, and in no way implies that the person is guilty of any wrongdoing. However, it is acknowledged that this would be distressing for the person concerned, and the Nursery will do all it can to balance the interests of any individual with that of the need to keep children safe. The Nursery will seek advice from Children Schools and Families on these matters, and comply with national and locally agreed guidance. Physical restraint There may be times when adults, in the course of their duties, have to intervene physically in order to restrain children and prevent them from coming to harm. Such intervention will always be the minimum necessary to resolve the situation. We follow the guidance given in the DfES circular 10/98 on The Use of Force to Control or Restrain Pupils. The managers will require the adult(s) involved in any such incident to report the matter to him or her immediately. Confidentiality DfEE 10/95 acknowledges that Safeguarding Children raises issues of confidentiality that must be clearly understood by all staff in schools. The Circular advises that all staff in the nursery have: â€Å"a responsibility to share relevant information about the protection of children with other professionals, particularly the investigative agencies (Children Schools and Families and the Police). If a child confides in a member of staff and requests that the information is kept secret, it is important that the member of staff tells the child sensitively that he or she has a responsibility to refer cases of alleged abuse to the appropriate agencies for the child’s sake. Within that context, the child should, however, be assured that the matter will be disclosed only to people who need to know about it. Staff who receive information about children and their families in the course of their work should share that information only within appropriate professional contexts. Child Prot ection records should be kept securely locked†. Employment and recruitment Jack in the Box ensures that people looking after children are suitable to fulfil the requirements of their roles. We have effective systems in place to ensure that practitioners, and any other person who is likely to have regular contact with children are suitable. Practitioners must tell managers if they are expected to disclose any convictions, cautions, court orders, reprimands and warnings which may affect their suitability to work with children (whether received before or during their employment at the setting). Jack in the Box does not allow people whose suitability has not been checked, including through a criminal records check, to have unsupervised contact with children being cared for. Managers record information about staff qualifications and the identity checks and vetting processes that have been completed (including the criminal records disclosure, reference number, the date a disclosure was obtained and details of who obtained it). Jack in the box meets their responsibilities under the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006. We will do all we can to ensure that all those working with children in our nursery are suitable people. This involves scrutinising applicants, verifying their identity and obtaining references, as well as the mandatory checks and enhanced CRB. We follow the DfES guidance set out in Safeguarding Children: Preventing Unsuitable People from Working with Children and Young Persons in the Education Service, DfES. We ensure that all staff have sufficient understanding and use of English to ensure the wellbeing of children in our care. Family Support The Nursery School will take every step in its power to build up trusting and supportive relationships between families, staff and volunteers in the group. Where abuse at home is suspected, the Nursery School will continue to welcome the child and family while investigations proceed. Liaise with other bodies The Nursery School and children’s schools and families will work together: 0300 1234040 0300 1234040 Safeguarding Children Concerns 0845 3300222 0845 3300222 Police

Stochiometry lab

Immediately turned too navy blue color Same musty looking cloud that floated and did not mix well, brought out the blue lour Immediately changed color to a musty yellow color, not very see through anymore either No Change Caused creamy white substance that did not mix well, not immediate reaction Enhanced light blue color with creamy substance not mixing into the middle Turned to a dark blue color with a hint of brown looking Musty cream cloud that did not mix.Brought out the yellow Made the yellow color a shade darker, not much change Cream specks, mixed better than others, faster reaction as well Darkened the yellow tint and mixed well with original Darker the yellow color, as well as making It seem a hint of orangeMusty cream that mixed a little and faded with a clear looking substance Minimal Change, blended into clear substance Created a dark white color, very hard to see through, thick looking substance No Change Muggy cream that took over the clear color substance, immediate r eaction Must cream color, almost looks like a cloud, very enhanced over the black paper More grey colored and more visible to see the bottom Musty cloud, that did not mix but brought the light green out in the dye No change, blended to clear with small hint of green No ChangeGreenish Cream Substance, mixed decently but still see through Teal color created with the musty cream color still around Same teal tint created as solution before Conclusion: Throughout this experiment, I learned that mixing Ionic compounds can cause a different reaction for each. All compounds included sodium, which made it interesting to see the different reactions occur Just by changing one chemical in the compound. The reactions that took place were all physical reactions, mostly being a color change or the addition of the creamy color look. Dark paper makes all colors ore easily spotted, whether a change took place or not.My personal favorite was adding the Nappy simply because it brought out all of the or iginal colors of the solutions. This helped me understand the changes that were taking place as I went throughout the rest of the experiment. For many of the additions, as time passed they became more defined. Ionic compounds typically carry two charges, one positive and one negative. This is why the white participate is formed in all of the equations. Sodium Sulfate and Sodium Chloride both had little to no change to the substance in al reactions, this lead Error could occur in this experiment, but it was very difficult.

Economic Constitution essays

Economic Constitution essays "The Constitution of 1787 was written solely to advance the economic interests of the upper classes of the United States." At the time the Constitution of 1787 was written, America had just won its independence from the monarchy of England. In England, the king and the aristocracy controlled the land and the money at the expense of the people. This limited the people's chances for economic advancement. When these oppressed people broke away from English rule, the newly founded country was based on the principle "that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." (Declaration of Independence, Page 100 in Documents of American History). With freedom from England, Americans now had the chance for economic equality. However, the more educated and prosperous Americans now controlled an unequal amount of land and money. As a result, they wanted to keep their wealth and not be overly taxed for the sake of democracy. This situation posed a dramatic contradiction in that these rich Ameri cans were acting in a very similar manner to the English aristocracy which they had fought against to eventually gain their independence. These Americans were the same people who wrote the Constitution of 1787 of the United States. However, they wrote the Constitution in such a way that they would confuse the common people and allow the wealthy to constitutionally retain their riches. Among these wealthy Americans were men such as James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. To defend their economic interests, they issued essays to convince the majority of Americans, lower class than themselves, that they should have their wealth protected. These essays were known as the Federalist Papers, and one in particular expressed their economic interests through the fog of preserving liberty and avoiding "the violence of faction" (The Federalis...

Free Essays on Wallace Stegner

â€Å"We simply need th[e] wild country available to us, even if we never do more than drive to its edge and look in. For it can be a means of reassuring ourselves of our sanity as creatures, a part of the geography of hope (153).† Wallace Stegner makes this statement at the end of â€Å"Coda†, a letter included in his book The Sound of Mountain Water. In this letter Stegner asks David Pesonen, who was working on the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, to work to preserve what wilderness is left in the United States. In publishing the letter in this book, Stegner is arguing not only to Pesonen but to the American people that wilderness is a necessary part not just of the physical American landscape, but the emotional and social landscapes as well. Throughout The Sound of Mountain Water Stegner relates his experiences traveling in the western United States, and in the second part reflects upon the ties of the western writer to history. This paper is mostly concerned with the first part of this book in which Stegner writes directly about his experiences with landscape. The book is a collection of writings that come from many different points in Stegner’s life, and therefore, throughout Part I of the book the reader is able to see the authors views change regarding certain environmental issues pertaining to the west. In the Introduction, Stegner writes, â€Å"†¦I am dismayed to find myself, in ‘The Rediscovery of America’, speaking admiringly of Hoover Dam and Lake Mead. I know better now†¦ But I have not changed the essay, or any of the essays†¦ They represent the way I felt when I wrote them (10).† Because of this, The Sound of Mountain Water reads somewhat like a literary time capsule , capturing Stegner’s views and responses to the landscapes he encounters, from the carefree â€Å"Rediscovery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the more philosophical and concerned â€Å"Coda†. The main points of this essay will relate the authors views and ... Free Essays on Wallace Stegner Free Essays on Wallace Stegner â€Å"We simply need th[e] wild country available to us, even if we never do more than drive to its edge and look in. For it can be a means of reassuring ourselves of our sanity as creatures, a part of the geography of hope (153).† Wallace Stegner makes this statement at the end of â€Å"Coda†, a letter included in his book The Sound of Mountain Water. In this letter Stegner asks David Pesonen, who was working on the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, to work to preserve what wilderness is left in the United States. In publishing the letter in this book, Stegner is arguing not only to Pesonen but to the American people that wilderness is a necessary part not just of the physical American landscape, but the emotional and social landscapes as well. Throughout The Sound of Mountain Water Stegner relates his experiences traveling in the western United States, and in the second part reflects upon the ties of the western writer to history. This paper is mostly concerned with the first part of this book in which Stegner writes directly about his experiences with landscape. The book is a collection of writings that come from many different points in Stegner’s life, and therefore, throughout Part I of the book the reader is able to see the authors views change regarding certain environmental issues pertaining to the west. In the Introduction, Stegner writes, â€Å"†¦I am dismayed to find myself, in ‘The Rediscovery of America’, speaking admiringly of Hoover Dam and Lake Mead. I know better now†¦ But I have not changed the essay, or any of the essays†¦ They represent the way I felt when I wrote them (10).† Because of this, The Sound of Mountain Water reads somewhat like a literary time capsule , capturing Stegner’s views and responses to the landscapes he encounters, from the carefree â€Å"Rediscovery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the more philosophical and concerned â€Å"Coda†. The main points of this essay will relate the authors views and ...